Which disease is characterized by the development of a membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, or larynx, leading to respiratory obstruction?

The disease that is characterized by the development of a membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, or larynx, leading to respiratory obstruction is diphtheria. Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which produces a toxin that affects the respiratory tract, resulting in the formation of a thick, grayish membrane. This membrane can cover the airway and hinder breathing, which is a significant medical concern.

In addition to the membrane, diphtheria can also cause systemic effects due to the toxin, leading to complications beyond just localized respiratory issues. Vaccination against diphtheria is included in routine childhood immunizations, which has greatly reduced the incidence of this disease in many parts of the world.

Understanding the mechanism of diphtheria is crucial for recognizing its symptoms early and providing appropriate treatment to prevent serious respiratory complications and systemic effects.